Im folgenden sind die Vorträge mit einer kleinen Zusammenfassung aufgelistet. Bis jetzt lässt sich sagen, dass es Vorträge von unserem Institut zu der vielseitigen Forschung gibt, aber auch externe Meteorologen und Redner sind bereits angefragt.
Effekte des Klimawandels auf die Biodiversität Mitteleuropas
Samstag 10:40 Uhr
Prof. Dr. Jan Christian Habel, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg
Der Klimawandel wirkt sich auf Arten, Ökosysteme und ganze Landschaften mit ihren Funktionen aus. In dem Kurzvortrag wird auf die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Arten eingegangen. Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass sich seit einigen Jahrzehnten Verbreitungsareale von Arten verändern. Zahlreiche Arten verlagerten ihre Verbreitungsareal in die nördlichere Breiten und/oder wandern in höhere Lagen. Arten aus dem Mediterranraum treten in Mitteleuropa auf. Diese Arealverschiebungen führen häufig zur räumlichen und zeitlichen Entkopplung von Interaktionen zwischen Arten (Pflanze – Tier, Organismen und Prädatoren bzw. Parasiten). Dadurch geraten Arten zum Teil unter Stress, da sie sich nur begrenzt an diese rasch ablaufenden Veränderungen anpassen können. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass ein Teil der Arten Mitteleuropas durch den Klimawandel aussterben wird.
The Asian Monsoon Anticyclone – In situ aerosol measurements from a high altitude research aircraft
Samstag 11:50 Uhr
Prof. Dr. Stephan Borrmann, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, JGU Mainz und Max Plank Institut für Chemie Mainz
During the Asian and West African monsoons large meteorological structures develop which reach into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) with impact on the aerosols and the precursor gases entering the stratosphere.
Embedded in the Easterly flow in West Africa these are widespread fields of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) which reach altitudes of 16 to 18 km. Further Northeast the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA) forms from mid-June until October in an altitude band from roughly 12 to 20 km. Being a fairly closed rotating air mass with a strong convective uplift underneath, the AMA extends from East Asia to the Middle East. Long range transport from as far as India and Eastern China provides materials which are carried aloft by the deep convective clouds in the Himalaya region. Sources (e.g., biomass burning, anthropogenic combustion, agricultural emissions) from the regional boundary layers also contribute here. The anvil outflows of the convective clouds release the uplifted (and partly processed) source gases and aerosols into the UTLS. Here New Particle Formation (NPF) events generate new aerosols from the inorganic and organic precursor gases by homogeneous nucleation. CALIPSO satellite measurements revealed a distinct aerosol layer (i.e., the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer; ATAL) between 15 and 16.5 km within the AMA, the physical and chemical characteristics of which still were unclear. Since these phenomena occur at the tropopause in areas with slow upwelling motion, they may contribute to the global stratospheric aerosol influencing atmospheric chemistry (e.g. for ozone) and climate. During the 2017 StratoClim field campaign the Russian high altitude research aircraft M-55 “Geophysica” operated in the AMA and ATAL at altitudes up to 20 km. Extensive in-situ chemical composition measurements were performed on the submicron ambient aerosol adopting an aerosol mass spectrometer, which was newly developed by our group. In addition a condensation particle counters and a optical particle detection instrument provided measurements of number concentration and volatility of aerosol particles as small as 6 nm. Some of the adopted methods (including a 10 minute movie), as well as key results and their significance from the 2017 StratoClim campaign in Nepal are discussed in the presentation.
(Sprache: Englisch)
Tropical cyclones – fundamental aspects of storm dynamics
Donnerstag 09:30 Uhr
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Michael Riemer, Institut für die Physik der Atmosphäre, JGU Mainz
Tropical cyclones are among the most hazardous weather systems. They cause extreme winds, tremendous precipitation, and storm surge. At the same time, tropical cyclones pose an intriguing science problem as they involve complex fluid dynamic and thermodynamic interactions, and a closed theory for their formation and intensification does not yet exist. In this lecture we will discuss fundamental aspects of storm dynamics by considering the idealized situation of a moist vortex above a frictional boundary layer. Using this simplified framework, several important aspects of the dynamics of these hazardous storms can be understood based on the knowledge of elementary fluid dynamical concepts.
(Englisch)
Atmospheric blocking: associated with extremes and complex dynamics
Donnerstag 10:10 Uhr
PostDoc Dr. Franziska Teubler, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Mainz
Atmospheric blocking events are multi-day episodes of high pressure systems which block the mid-latitude westerly flow and can last from days to weeks. Owing to their persistence they can lead to extreme surface weather in the affected regions. Some of the largest forecast busts in the extratropics are related to the onset of atmospheric blocking due to their complex dynamical nature.
I briefly want to discuss two major extremes which occurred this year and have been related to atmospheric blocking: the Canadian heatwave and the flooding in Belgium and western Germany. The remainder of the presentation will focus on the complex dynamics and introduce some of the concepts and mechanisms related to the onset and maintenance of atmospheric blocking.
Special attention will be given on the dynamics based on a potential vorticity- potential temperature framework.
(Sprache: Englisch)
How to IPCC – contributing modelling results to the latest report
Donnerstag 11:10 Uhr
Prof. Dr. Holger Tost, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, JGU Mainz
Everybody has heard about the IPCC reports. In this presentation, it will be described how a modelling team can contribute to an IPCC report. What can be simulated? What is relevant for climate change beyond the CO2 warming effect? How is IPCC linked to air pollution and air quality. The talk will elucidate what a modeller has to do to participate in an IPCC effort and what a team has to do to be allowed to submit results which will be considered in an IPCC report.
Die Tropopause: Bedeutung und offene Fragen
Samstag 10:00 Uhr
Prof. Dr. Peter Hoor, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, JGU Mainz
Die Tropopausenregion stellt eine Schlüsselregion für dynamische, mikrophysikalische und (aerosol-)chemische Prozesse dar, die Zirkulation und Klima beeinflussen. Relevante Vorgänge laufen auf Skalen ab, die von der turbulenten bis zur planetaren Skala reichen und die Zusammensetzung und Mikrophysik dieser Region bestimmen. Die große Bandbreite an Skalen führt zu signifikanten Unsicherheiten im Verständnis sogar des Ist-Zustandes der Atmosphärenzusammensetzung und insbesondere Prognosen des zukünftigen Klimas.
Im Vortrag wird die Tropopausenregion und ihre Bedeutung für das Klima und das Erdystem vorgestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den offenen Fragen in diesem Forschungsfeld und wie diese in Mainz speziell im neuen Forschungsverbund „TPChange: The Tropopause in a Changing Atmosphere“ adressiert werden.
(Sprache: Deutsch)